What Is Range Of Motion And Flexibility?
- Range of Motion (ROM)
The measurable degree of movement a joint can achieve in various directions (e.g., flexion, extension, abduction).
Includes:- Active ROM (AROM) – Movement performed by the child independently.
- Passive ROM (PROM) – Movement facilitated entirely by an external force (e.g., therapist or caregiver).
- Flexibility
The ability of a muscle or muscle group to lengthen and allow a joint to move through its full ROM. Influenced by muscle length, joint capsule mobility, and neurological tone.
What Does Difficulty In This Area Look Like?
- Joint or Muscle Stiffness
Limited mobility in a joint or muscle group, such as tight hamstrings or restricted shoulder rotation. - Abnormal Movement Patterns
Compensatory motions due to lack of flexibility, such as trunk leaning or altered gait mechanics. - Delayed Motor Milestones
Difficulty with developmental skills like crawling, sitting, or walking due to restricted ROM. - Postural Abnormalities
Conditions such as scoliosis, torticollis, or crouched posture in cerebral palsy may be linked to ROM/flexibility limitations. - Contractures or Fixed Deformities
Chronic shortening of muscles or tendons resulting in decreased joint mobility, often seen in neuromuscular conditions.
How Can PT Help Build These Skills?
- Manual Stretching Techniques
Passive or active-assisted stretches to improve soft tissue extensibility and joint mobility. - Therapeutic Exercise
Active movement and functional stretching incorporated into play-based activities to promote flexibility. - Positioning and Orthotic Use
Use of night splints, serial casting, or dynamic orthoses to maintain or increase ROM over time. - Myofascial Release and Soft Tissue Mobilization
Hands-on techniques to reduce fascial restrictions and muscle tightness. - Neuromuscular Inhibition Techniques
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) stretching or sustained holds to enhance muscle relaxation and lengthening. - Education for Home Program Implementation
Caregiver instruction on daily stretching routines and proper body positioning to support long-term flexibility. - Adaptive Equipment Recommendations
Use of standers or prone wedges to provide prolonged stretch in a functional, supported position.